Coat Types In Cairn Terriers

One of the most important—and often misunderstood—features of the Cairn Terrier is the coat. Cairns are a working terrier breed, and their coats were designed first and foremost to protect them from harsh weather and rugged terrain. There are three recognized coat types in the breed, all of which have existed for as long as Cairns themselves and are outlined in educational materials from the Cairn Terrier Club of America.

No matter the type, a correct Cairn coat offers excellent insulation and protection in all kinds of weather. The differences come down to texture, grooming style, and suitability for show or pet homes.

1. Soft, Open Coat (Improper Coat)

The soft, open coat is considered improper under the breed standard. These coats are uncommon in our program because we breed intentionally for strong, functional coats—but they do occasionally appear, as coat genetics can be complex.

This coat lacks the firm, weather-resistant outer layer and tends to grow quickly, making it a complete bear to groom if you’re aiming for a traditional Cairn outline. That said, it is very manageable when kept in a “Westie cut,” which many pet homes find practical and attractive.

With consistent, traditional grooming, some soft coats do improve enough over time to be hand stripped, though they will never behave quite like a true double coat. These dogs are just as wonderful in temperament and ability—they simply require a different grooming approach.

2. The Average Cairn Terrier Coat (The Most Common & Versatile)

The average Cairn coat is the most common coat type in the breed, and in this case, average truly means good.

This is a true double coat, consisting of:

• A protective outer layer

• A soft, downy undercoat for insulation

  
  

This coat is what you most often see in the show ring because it:

• Is easy to groom and maintain

• Looks good in many stages of growth

• Can be shaped to present the dog to their best advantage

  
  

Our program does intentionally breed and maintain this coat type, as it allows us to present our dogs to the best of our abilities in the show ring while still preserving the Cairn’s functional purpose as an all-weather terrier.

3. The Harsh Coat (Highly Functional & Traditionally Valued)

The harsh coat is also a true double coat, but with noticeably coarser guard hairs. This coat is deeply rooted in the breed’s working history and is something we place special emphasis on preserving within our lines.

From a grooming perspective, harsh coats are a joy to manage traditionally:

• They are easier to hand strip

• They grow more slowly

• They are relatively low maintenance once established

  
  

However, harsh coats are not typically favored in the show ring because they can appear flat during certain growth stages and are difficult to shape or disguise grooming errors due to the stiffness of the hair. Functionally, though, they are outstanding.

Our Philosophy on Coats & Puppy Placement

All three coat types have always existed in Cairn Terriers, and two serve a purpose. In our program, we aim to balance:

• Breed preservation

• Functional, weather-resistant coats

• Practical presentation for the show ring

  
  

We are happy to work closely with our puppy buyers to help select a coat type that best fits their lifestyle, grooming preferences, and goals. Regardless of coat type, we strongly encourage all Cairn homes to learn hand stripping, as it supports coat health, maintains correct texture, and honors the breed’s heritage.

At the end of the day, a Cairn Terrier’s coat— average, or harsh—is designed to protect, insulate, and support an adventurous life in any weather. Understanding those differences helps owners make informed choices and ensures these bold little terriers continue to thrive for generations to come.

Pictured below: A 6 month old Harsh Coated Cairn Terrier Puppy Raised by our program. He has no grooming product in his coat and is presented here in his natural state after only one hand strip several months prior and no touch up grooming other than regular brushing prior to the show.

(Northwest Duke of Hastings x Countryside SouthDakota)

Harsh coats are not often selected or bred for today.